<div dir="ltr"><div class="gmail_quote"><div dir="ltr"><div class="gmail_quote"><div dir="ltr"><div class="gmail_quote"><div dir="ltr"><div><font color="#ff0000" face="arial, helvetica, sans-serif" size="4"><b>Geomagnetically induced current in central Europe</b></font></div><div class="gmail_quote"><font face="arial, helvetica, sans-serif"><b><br></b></font><b style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif">Roman Leonhardt</b><br><font face="arial, helvetica, sans-serif"><font color="#000000"><i>Conrad Observatory, <span style="font-size:12.8px;background-color:rgb(255,255,255);text-decoration-style:initial;text-decoration-color:initial;float:none;display:inline">Zentralanstalt für Meteorologie und Geodynamik (ZAMG)</span></i></font></font></div><div class="gmail_quote"><font face="arial, helvetica, sans-serif"><i><br></i></font>
<span></span>
<p class="m_8239383915683517275gmail-p1" style="margin:0px;font-variant-numeric:normal;font-variant-east-asian:normal;font-weight:normal;font-stretch:normal;font-size:12px;line-height:normal;font-family:Helvetica">Geomagnetically induced currents (GICs) in power systems, which can lead to transformer damage over the short and the long term, are a result of space weather events and geomagnetic variations. For a long time, only high-latitude areas were considered to be at risk from these currents, but recent studies show that considerable GICs also appear in midlatitude and equatorial countries. Results from a GIC model are presented, using a thin-sheet approach with detailed surface and subsurface conductivity models to compute the induced geoelectric field. The results are compared to measurements of direct currents in a transformer neutral and show very good agreement for short-period variations such as geomagnetic storms. The modelling of GICs from regionally varying geoelectric fields will be discussed and shown to be an important factor contributing to overall model accuracy. The Austrian power grid in central Europe is susceptible to large GICs in the range of tens of amperes, particularly from strong geomagnetic variations in the east–west direction.</p>
<br><font color="#000000" face="arial, helvetica, sans-serif"><br></font><b style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif"><div style="display:inline"><div style="display:inline">Tuesday, March 12<div style="display:inline">th</div></div></div></b><b style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif">, 2019</b><br><b style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif"><div style="display:inline"><div style="display:inline"><div style="display:inline"><div style="display:inline"><span class="gmail_default">Presentation: 10</span>-<span class="gmail_default">11a</span></div></div></div></div></b><b style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif"><div style="display:inline"><div style="display:inline"><div style="display:inline"><div style="display:inline">m</div></div></div></div></b><b style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif"><div style="display:inline"><div style="display:inline"><div style="display:inline"></div> </div></div> (Mountain Time)</b><br><b style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif">USGS, 1711 Illinois Street, Golden, CO</b><br><b style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif">Entry Level <span class="m_8239383915683517275m_-3284145481294000967m_-5029952335045598961gmail-m_6012531963078816722m_-5782273628114337997gmail-m_379840814356139590m_-9045602766160175400gmail-m_-360571178749533081m_-7901947052896849077m_3236526448127864107m_-3288477519130982688gmail-m_-6155609227449741943m_-3925818064261910720m_-5728151607603070216m_-3855843289950950678gmail-m_-2556572378480268931m_4008722731611885424m_-755589242917698039m_-1297155280521909378gmail-m_1025391756630084150m_7066959450357385387m_-8586038301793833330m_2174399009776966998gmail-m_3536024389969136014gmail-m_6564323528617604720gmail-m_-3202867471772006187m_-3474394390109531423m_-6180755618559776416m_-6692829955733685287gmail-m_-1920778670233885335gmail-m_2928417918433606341m_548290485840828435m_3628773897655229900gmail-m_7446487874202752399m_-8264889372741220741gmail-m_5431511284334585236gmail-m_-1882990626170291808m_9106775657748341738gmail-m_-1921791487083127966gmail-m_4140643564653640769m_-4556382912284060029m_2261340191774375389gmail-m_3025069362589959092gmail-m_-8968070735390492279m_4896026561608388806gmail-m_3918809983636524111m_7068817575649352729m_-6172873775242136948gmail-m_-4303968599703518853gmail-m_2043882230405221244gmail-m_2480559937188047531m_-1887565490609744462m_8131614935401267798m_6252585815979993878gmail-m_-5616756539997506461gmail-m_3957397034944864967gmail-m_-5590660146057455466gmail-m_2010942344340859242gmail-m_4771098111974711889gmail-m_337406015407620904gmail-m_-5330926199930091226m_647861723187015620gmail-il"><span class="m_8239383915683517275m_-3284145481294000967m_-5029952335045598961gmail-m_6012531963078816722m_-5782273628114337997gmail-m_379840814356139590m_-9045602766160175400gmail-m_-360571178749533081m_-7901947052896849077m_3236526448127864107m_-3288477519130982688gmail-m_-6155609227449741943m_-3925818064261910720m_-5728151607603070216m_-3855843289950950678gmail-m_-2556572378480268931m_4008722731611885424m_-755589242917698039m_-1297155280521909378gmail-m_1025391756630084150m_7066959450357385387m_-8586038301793833330m_2174399009776966998gmail-m_3536024389969136014gmail-m_6564323528617604720gmail-m_-3202867471772006187m_-3474394390109531423m_-6180755618559776416m_-6692829955733685287gmail-m_-1920778670233885335gmail-m_2928417918433606341m_548290485840828435m_3628773897655229900gmail-m_7446487874202752399m_-8264889372741220741gmail-m_5431511284334585236gmail-m_-1882990626170291808m_9106775657748341738gmail-m_-1921791487083127966gmail-m_4140643564653640769m_-4556382912284060029m_2261340191774375389gmail-m_3025069362589959092gmail-m_-8968070735390492279m_4896026561608388806gmail-m_3918809983636524111m_7068817575649352729m_-6172873775242136948gmail-m_-4303968599703518853gmail-m_2043882230405221244gmail-m_2480559937188047531m_-1887565490609744462m_8131614935401267798m_6252585815979993878gmail-m_-5616756539997506461gmail-m_3957397034944864967gmail-m_-5590660146057455466gmail-m_2010942344340859242gmail-m_4771098111974711889gmail-il">Seminar</span></span> Room (204)</b><br><font face="arial, helvetica, sans-serif"><br></font><span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif">*Note: Please arrive </span><u style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif">~5 minutes early</u><span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif"> and </span><u style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif">bring photo ID</u><span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif"> for airport-style security </span><span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif">measures now in place at the USGS building.</span><br><font face="arial, helvetica, sans-serif"><br></font><span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif">Thank you,</span><br><span class="m_8239383915683517275m_-3284145481294000967m_-5029952335045598961gmail-m_6012531963078816722m_-5782273628114337997gmail-m_379840814356139590m_-9045602766160175400gmail-m_-360571178749533081m_-7901947052896849077m_3236526448127864107m_-3288477519130982688gmail-m_-6155609227449741943m_-3925818064261910720m_-5728151607603070216m_-3855843289950950678gmail-m_-2556572378480268931m_4008722731611885424m_-755589242917698039m_-1297155280521909378gmail-m_1025391756630084150m_7066959450357385387m_-8586038301793833330m_2174399009776966998gmail-m_3536024389969136014gmail-m_6564323528617604720gmail-m_-3202867471772006187m_-3474394390109531423m_-6180755618559776416m_-6692829955733685287gmail-m_-1920778670233885335gmail-m_2928417918433606341m_548290485840828435m_3628773897655229900gmail-m_7446487874202752399m_-8264889372741220741gmail-m_5431511284334585236gmail-m_-1882990626170291808m_9106775657748341738gmail-m_6925426022411937115m_7055967733504661449gmail-m_-8968070735390492279m_4896026561608388806gmail-m_3918809983636524111m_7068817575649352729m_-6172873775242136948gmail-m_-4303968599703518853gmail-m_2043882230405221244gmail-m_2480559937188047531m_-1887565490609744462m_8131614935401267798m_6252585815979993878gmail-m_-5616756539997506461gmail-m_3957397034944864967gmail-m_-5590660146057455466gmail-m_2010942344340859242gmail-m_4771098111974711889gmail-il" style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif"><span class="m_8239383915683517275m_-3284145481294000967m_-5029952335045598961gmail-m_6012531963078816722m_-5782273628114337997gmail-m_379840814356139590m_-9045602766160175400gmail-m_-360571178749533081m_-7901947052896849077m_3236526448127864107m_-3288477519130982688gmail-m_-6155609227449741943m_-3925818064261910720m_-5728151607603070216m_-3855843289950950678gmail-m_-2556572378480268931m_4008722731611885424m_-755589242917698039m_-1297155280521909378gmail-m_1025391756630084150m_7066959450357385387m_-8586038301793833330m_2174399009776966998gmail-m_3536024389969136014gmail-m_6564323528617604720gmail-m_-3202867471772006187m_-3474394390109531423m_-6180755618559776416m_-6692829955733685287gmail-m_-1920778670233885335gmail-m_2928417918433606341m_548290485840828435m_3628773897655229900gmail-m_7446487874202752399m_-8264889372741220741gmail-m_5431511284334585236gmail-m_-1882990626170291808m_9106775657748341738gmail-m_6925426022411937115m_7055967733504661449gmail-m_-8968070735390492279m_4896026561608388806gmail-m_3918809983636524111m_7068817575649352729m_-6172873775242136948gmail-m_-4303968599703518853gmail-m_2043882230405221244gmail-m_2480559937188047531m_-1887565490609744462m_8131614935401267798m_6252585815979993878gmail-m_-5616756539997506461gmail-m_3957397034944864967gmail-il"><span class="m_8239383915683517275m_-3284145481294000967m_-5029952335045598961gmail-m_6012531963078816722m_-5782273628114337997gmail-m_379840814356139590m_-9045602766160175400gmail-m_-360571178749533081m_-7901947052896849077m_3236526448127864107m_-3288477519130982688gmail-m_-6155609227449741943m_-3925818064261910720m_-5728151607603070216m_-3855843289950950678gmail-m_-2556572378480268931m_4008722731611885424m_-755589242917698039m_-1297155280521909378gmail-m_1025391756630084150m_7066959450357385387m_-8586038301793833330m_2174399009776966998gmail-m_3536024389969136014gmail-m_6564323528617604720gmail-m_-3202867471772006187m_-3474394390109531423m_-6180755618559776416m_-6692829955733685287gmail-m_-1920778670233885335gmail-m_2928417918433606341m_548290485840828435m_3628773897655229900gmail-m_7446487874202752399m_-8264889372741220741gmail-m_5431511284334585236gmail-m_-1882990626170291808m_9106775657748341738gmail-m_6925426022411937115m_7055967733504661449gmail-m_-8968070735390492279m_4896026561608388806gmail-m_3918809983636524111m_7068817575649352729m_-6172873775242136948gmail-m_-4303968599703518853gmail-m_2043882230405221244gmail-m_2480559937188047531m_-1887565490609744462m_8131614935401267798m_6252585815979993878gmail-m_-5616756539997506461gmail-il">GHSC</span></span></span><span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif"> </span><span class="m_8239383915683517275m_-3284145481294000967m_-5029952335045598961gmail-m_6012531963078816722m_-5782273628114337997gmail-m_379840814356139590m_-9045602766160175400gmail-m_-360571178749533081m_-7901947052896849077m_3236526448127864107m_-3288477519130982688gmail-m_-6155609227449741943m_-3925818064261910720m_-5728151607603070216m_-3855843289950950678gmail-m_-2556572378480268931m_4008722731611885424m_-755589242917698039m_-1297155280521909378gmail-m_1025391756630084150m_7066959450357385387m_-8586038301793833330m_2174399009776966998gmail-m_3536024389969136014gmail-m_6564323528617604720gmail-m_-3202867471772006187m_-3474394390109531423m_-6180755618559776416m_-6692829955733685287gmail-m_-1920778670233885335gmail-m_2928417918433606341m_548290485840828435m_3628773897655229900gmail-m_7446487874202752399m_-8264889372741220741gmail-m_5431511284334585236gmail-m_-1882990626170291808m_9106775657748341738gmail-m_6925426022411937115m_7055967733504661449gmail-m_-8968070735390492279m_4896026561608388806gmail-m_3918809983636524111m_7068817575649352729m_-6172873775242136948gmail-m_-4303968599703518853gmail-m_2043882230405221244gmail-m_2480559937188047531m_-1887565490609744462m_8131614935401267798m_6252585815979993878gmail-m_-5616756539997506461gmail-m_3957397034944864967gmail-m_-5590660146057455466gmail-m_2010942344340859242gmail-m_4771098111974711889gmail-m_337406015407620904gmail-m_-5330926199930091226m_647861723187015620gmail-il" style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif"><span class="m_8239383915683517275m_-3284145481294000967m_-5029952335045598961gmail-m_6012531963078816722m_-5782273628114337997gmail-m_379840814356139590m_-9045602766160175400gmail-m_-360571178749533081m_-7901947052896849077m_3236526448127864107m_-3288477519130982688gmail-m_-6155609227449741943m_-3925818064261910720m_-5728151607603070216m_-3855843289950950678gmail-m_-2556572378480268931m_4008722731611885424m_-755589242917698039m_-1297155280521909378gmail-m_1025391756630084150m_7066959450357385387m_-8586038301793833330m_2174399009776966998gmail-m_3536024389969136014gmail-m_6564323528617604720gmail-m_-3202867471772006187m_-3474394390109531423m_-6180755618559776416m_-6692829955733685287gmail-m_-1920778670233885335gmail-m_2928417918433606341m_548290485840828435m_3628773897655229900gmail-m_7446487874202752399m_-8264889372741220741gmail-m_5431511284334585236gmail-m_-1882990626170291808m_9106775657748341738gmail-m_6925426022411937115m_7055967733504661449gmail-m_-8968070735390492279m_4896026561608388806gmail-m_3918809983636524111m_7068817575649352729m_-6172873775242136948gmail-m_-4303968599703518853gmail-m_2043882230405221244gmail-m_2480559937188047531m_-1887565490609744462m_8131614935401267798m_6252585815979993878gmail-m_-5616756539997506461gmail-m_3957397034944864967gmail-m_-5590660146057455466gmail-m_2010942344340859242gmail-m_4771098111974711889gmail-il">Seminar</span></span><font style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif"> Committee </font><br><font face="arial, helvetica, sans-serif"><br></font><div style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif;display:inline">Ben </div><span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif">Mirus - </span><a href="mailto:bbmirus@usgs.gov" style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif" target="_blank">bbmirus@usgs.gov</a><br><span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif">Josh Rigler - </span><a href="mailto:erigler@usgs.gov" style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif" target="_blank">erigler@usgs.gov</a><br><div><div><div><div class="gmail_quote"><div><div class="gmail_quote"><div><div><div><div class="gmail_quote"><div><div class="gmail_quote"><div><div class="gmail_quote"><div><div><div><div class="gmail_quote"><div><div class="gmail_quote"><div><div class="gmail_quote"><div><div><div class="gmail_quote"><div><div class="gmail_quote"><font face="arial, helvetica, sans-serif">Oliver Boyd - <a href="mailto:oboyd@usgs.gov" target="_blank">olboyd@usgs.gov</a></font></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div>