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<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'>Zhenming</span>:<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><o:p> </o:p></p>
<p class=MsoNormal>My Chinese is not as good as my English so I’m in real
big trouble with your map. However, from the photos viewed on the internet my
conclusions were somewhat different; construction techniques appeared to play a
large role in the disaster and the high death toll. <o:p></o:p></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><o:p> </o:p></p>
<p class=MsoNormal>The pictures seem to indicate a large number of unreinforced
(or under-reinforced) mid-rise buildings as well as unreinforced masonry or
stone buildings. While it may be customary in the region, this is an
ineffective type of construction because of the brittle behavior exhibited when
ground motion is introduced. In addition, several pictures indicate that
some buildings simply overturned and fell on adjoining buildings. These
collapse patterns seem to be indicative of having soft stories lacking in
ductility (tall, brittle, un-braced concrete columns on the ground floor).
After the rescue effort is over I think researchers will find that the
signature of the ground motion frequency played a big part in which building
collapsed and which didn’t. As you might recall a similar phenomenon was
observed in Mexico City where only 10 to 14 story concrete buildings had
catastrophic failures – and less ductile shorter or taller buildings
seemed unaffected.<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><o:p> </o:p></p>
<p class=MsoNormal>Our prayers are with Chinese people in their dark
hour. <o:p></o:p></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;color:#1F497D'><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;color:#1F497D'><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><b><span style='font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:#1F497D'>Joseph
Tomasello, PE</span></b><span style='color:#1F497D'><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><b><span style='font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:#1F497D'>5880
Ridge Bend Rd.</span></b><span style='color:#1F497D'><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><b><span style='font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:#1F497D'>Memphis,
TN 38120</span></b><span style='color:#1F497D'><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='color:#1F497D'> <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><b><span style='font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:#1F497D'>Phone:</span></b><span
style='color:#1F497D'><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><b><span style='font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:#1F497D'>(901)
761-2016 office</span></b><span style='color:#1F497D'><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><b><span style='font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:#1F497D'>(901)
821-4968 direct</span></b><span style='color:#1F497D'><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><b><span style='font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:#1F497D'>(901)
412-8217 mobile</span></b><span style='font-size:11.0pt;color:#1F497D'><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<div style='border:none;border-top:solid #B5C4DF 1.0pt;padding:3.0pt 0in 0in 0in'>
<p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:.5in'><b><span style='font-size:10.0pt;
font-family:"Tahoma","sans-serif"'>From:</span></b><span style='font-size:10.0pt;
font-family:"Tahoma","sans-serif"'> ceus-earthquake-hazards-bounces@geohazards.usgs.gov
[mailto:ceus-earthquake-hazards-bounces@geohazards.usgs.gov] <b>On Behalf Of </b>David
Overhoff<br>
<b>Sent:</b> Friday, May 16, 2008 10:14 AM<br>
<b>To:</b> Central and Eastern U.S. Earthquake Hazards Listserve<br>
<b>Subject:</b> Re: [CEUS-earthquake-hazards] (no subject)<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</div>
<p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:.5in'><o:p> </o:p></p>
<p style='mso-margin-top-alt:5.0pt;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:12.0pt;
margin-left:.5in'><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'>Thanks
Zhenming. I hope any family you might have in the region are safe.</span>
<br>
<br>
<span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'>One thing we've
noticed around here is that in all the photos and film seen, there is no
reinforcing steel protruding from the collapsed concrete.</span> <br>
<span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'>One photo we
saw (Section A, page 8, USA Today, May 14th) showed large, nearly
regular-shaped slabs of what appeared to be concrete...the edges all looked
smooth and straight, as if they might have been pre-cast blocks assembled
on-site.</span> <br>
<br>
<br>
<br>
<span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'>David L. Overhoff,
RG<br>
Missouri Department of Natural Resources<br>
Geological Survey Program - Geologic Resources Section <br>
Phone: 573.368.2182<br>
david.overhoff@dnr.mo.gov<br>
</span><br>
<br>
<o:p></o:p></p>
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<p class=MsoNormal><b><span style='font-size:7.5pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'>"Wang,
Zhenming" <zmwang@email.uky.edu></span></b><span style='font-size:
7.5pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'> </span><br>
<span style='font-size:7.5pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'>Sent by:
ceus-earthquake-hazards-bounces@geohazards.usgs.gov</span> <o:p></o:p></p>
<p><span style='font-size:7.5pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'>05/16/2008
09:18 AM</span> <o:p></o:p></p>
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<p class=MsoNormal align=center style='text-align:center'><span
style='font-size:7.5pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'>Please respond to<br>
"Central and Eastern U.S. Earthquake Hazards Listserve"
<ceus-earthquake-hazards@geohazards.usgs.gov></span><o:p></o:p></p>
</td>
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<p class=MsoNormal align=right style='text-align:right'><span
style='font-size:7.5pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'>To</span><o:p></o:p></p>
</td>
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<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:7.5pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'>"ceus-earthquake-hazards@geohazards.usgs.gov"
<ceus-earthquake-hazards@geohazards.usgs.gov></span> <o:p></o:p></p>
</td>
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<p class=MsoNormal align=right style='text-align:right'><span
style='font-size:7.5pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'>cc</span><o:p></o:p></p>
</td>
<td valign=top style='padding:.75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt'>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:7.5pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'>"olboyd@usgs.gov"
<'olboyd@usgs.gov'></span> <o:p></o:p></p>
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<p class=MsoNormal align=right style='text-align:right'><span
style='font-size:7.5pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'>Subject</span><o:p></o:p></p>
</td>
<td valign=top style='padding:.75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt'>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:7.5pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'>[CEUS-earthquake-hazards]
(no subject)</span><o:p></o:p></p>
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<p class=MsoNormal><o:p> </o:p></p>
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<p style='mso-margin-top-alt:5.0pt;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:12.0pt;
margin-left:.5in'><br>
<br>
<span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'>I would like to
share with you all the Chinese National seismic design map (PGA with 10% PE in
50 years). This may explain one of the reasons that so many schools and
hospitals collapsed in the Wenchuan earthquake. </span><br>
<span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'> </span> <br>
<span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'>Thanks. </span><br>
<span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'> </span> <br>
<span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'>___________________________________</span>
<br>
<span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'>Zhenming Wang,
PhD, PE</span> <br>
<span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'>Head, Geologic
Hazards Section</span> <br>
<span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'>Kentucky
Geological Survey</span> <br>
<span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'>228 Mining and
Mineral Resources Building</span> <br>
<span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'>University of
Kentucky</span> <br>
<span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'>Lexington,
Kentucky 40506</span> <br>
<span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'>Phone:(859)257-5500x142</span>
<br>
<span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'>Email: </span><a
href="mailto:zmwang@uky.edu"><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'>zmwang@uky.edu</span></a>
<br>
<span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'>Website: </span><a
href="http://www.uky.edu/KGS/geologichazards"><span style='font-size:10.0pt;
font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'>www.uky.edu/KGS/geologichazards</span></a> <br>
<span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'>____________________________________</span>
<br>
[attachment "China-PGAmap.jpg" deleted by David
Overhoff/DGLS/MODNR] <tt><span style='font-size:10.0pt'>_______________________________________________</span></tt><span
style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Courier New"'><br>
<tt>CEUS-Earthquake-Hazards mailing list</tt><br>
<tt>CEUS-Earthquake-Hazards@geohazards.usgs.gov</tt><br>
<tt>https://geohazards.usgs.gov/mailman/listinfo/ceus-earthquake-hazards</tt></span><o:p></o:p></p>
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