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<p class=MsoNormal><span style='color:#1F497D'>The demarcation line of where wind
load controls the design is dependent on the seismic load and the mass (weight)
of the building. Wood buildings without masonry veneers that fall into design
categories A,B, and sometimes C (see tables 9.4.2.1a and b ASCE 7) Most all
other types of buildings, e.g., concrete, steel frame etc wind will normally
control only in Design Category A. As a rule of thumb, I start to look for
seismic to control the building design Ss approaches 0.20g or as Sd approaches 0.10g.
The residential code may be a bit different; however our experience has
shown that the R-IBC generally follows the regular IBC code.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='color:#1F497D'><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='color:#1F497D'>Bear in mind that there are prescriptive
requirements for buildings in all design categories A-F. However in
design categories A and B these are usually minimal and are systemic in any
good structural design. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='color:#1F497D'><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='color:#1F497D'>As an example of how far
reaching this code is, normally you would think of Nashville as being “seismically
quiet.” However we did an 8 story concrete shearwall hotel built in
06-07 designed under the IBC 2003. It fell in Design Category B, Sds = 0.218,
Sd1=0.098. Base shear for seismic was more than twice that of wind. The net
effect was to add considerable cost to the building above that would have been
required by the Standard Building Code even though it is likely that seismic
would have controlled – the forces would have approached those of wind
and the wind loads would have been lower. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='color:#1F497D'><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";
color:#1F497D'>Joseph Tomasello, PE</span></b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;
color:#1F497D'><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";
color:#1F497D'>5880 Ridge Bend Rd.</span></b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;
color:#1F497D'><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";
color:#1F497D'>Memphis, TN 38120</span></b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;
color:#1F497D'><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:12.0pt;color:#1F497D'> <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";
color:#1F497D'>Phone:</span></b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;color:#1F497D'><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";
color:#1F497D'>(901) 761-2016 office</span></b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;
color:#1F497D'><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";
color:#1F497D'>(901) 821-4968 direct</span></b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;
color:#1F497D'><o:p></o:p></span></p>
</div>
<p class=MsoNormal><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";
color:#1F497D'>(901) 412-8217 mobile</span></b><span style='color:#1F497D'><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<div>
<div style='border:none;border-top:solid #B5C4DF 1.0pt;padding:3.0pt 0in 0in 0in'>
<p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:.5in'><b><span style='font-size:10.0pt;
font-family:"Tahoma","sans-serif"'>From:</span></b><span style='font-size:10.0pt;
font-family:"Tahoma","sans-serif"'> Wang, Zhenming [mailto:zmwang@email.uky.edu]
<br>
<b>Sent:</b> Friday, February 15, 2008 7:15 AM<br>
<b>To:</b> Joe Tomasello<br>
<b>Cc:</b> ceus-earthquake-hazards@geohazards.usgs.gov<br>
<b>Subject:</b> RE: [CEUS-earthquake-hazards] no "right" answer <o:p></o:p></span></p>
</div>
</div>
<p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:.5in'><o:p> </o:p></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:.5in'><span style='font-size:10.0pt;
font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:navy'>Joe,<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:.5in'><span style='font-size:10.0pt;
font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:navy'><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:.5in'><span style='font-size:10.0pt;
font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:navy'>I have been told by some
structural engineers that it is wind load, not seismic load that governs the
structural design in most parts of Kentucky (central and eastern). Have you
done any design analysis on these? It would be interesting to see the load comparisons.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:.5in'><span style='font-size:10.0pt;
font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:navy'><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:.5in'><span style='font-size:10.0pt;
font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:navy'>Thanks.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:.5in'><span style='font-size:10.0pt;
font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:navy'><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:.5in'><span style='font-size:10.0pt;
font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:navy'>Zhenming <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:.5in'><span style='font-size:10.0pt;
font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:navy'><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<div>
<div class=MsoNormal align=center style='margin-left:.5in;text-align:center'><span
style='font-size:12.0pt'>
<hr size=2 width="100%" align=center>
</span></div>
<p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:.5in'><b><span style='font-size:10.0pt;
font-family:"Tahoma","sans-serif"'>From:</span></b><span style='font-size:10.0pt;
font-family:"Tahoma","sans-serif"'> Joe Tomasello [mailto:JT@ReavesFirm.com] <br>
<b>Sent:</b> Thursday, February 14, 2008 12:39 PM<br>
<b>To:</b> 'Seth Stein'; WrightLa@usa.redcross.org<br>
<b>Cc:</b> Wang, Zhenming; ceus-earthquake-hazards@geohazards.usgs.gov;
cfostel@conwal.com<br>
<b>Subject:</b> RE: [CEUS-earthquake-hazards] no "right" answer </span><span
style='font-size:12.0pt'><o:p></o:p></span></p>
</div>
<p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:.5in'><o:p> </o:p></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:
12.0pt;margin-left:.5in'>Seth, et al:<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:.5in'>This firm has been involved with
recovery efforts of the tornado strikes of February 5, 2006. The tornado
damage shown in the attached is perceived by the locals to be the primary day
to day threat from natural hazards. <o:p></o:p></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:.5in'><o:p> </o:p></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:.5in'>The failure mode is rather simple;
the wind lifts the roof deck and buckles the joists, which in turn pulls
inwardly on the top of the precast panels causing them to fall (see Image 647
and 307). Evidence indicates that the lateral force resistant system
remained standing (see Image 313), however a majority of the building
collapsed. This design is pre-1997 NERHP, but included seismic considerations.
It’s unlikely that additional seismic resistance required by 1997 NERHP
would affect the outcome. <o:p></o:p></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:.5in'><o:p> </o:p></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:.5in'>What I’m suggesting is that
contrary to the accepted convention (more seismic is better), we think there
can be a case made that seismic design does not cure all the ills created by
the various different natural disasters as advertised by FEMA.<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:.5in'><o:p> </o:p></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:.5in'>Image 647 – shows failure
mode<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:.5in'><o:p> </o:p></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:.5in'>Image 313 – Shows seismic
bracing<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:.5in'><o:p> </o:p></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:.5in'>Image 307 – Shows failed
panels large warehouse<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:.5in'> <o:p></o:p></p>
<p class=MsoPlainText style='margin-left:.5in'><o:p> </o:p></p>
<p class=MsoPlainText style='margin-left:.5in'><o:p> </o:p></p>
<p class=MsoPlainText style='margin-left:.5in'>-----Original Message-----<br>
From: ceus-earthquake-hazards-bounces@geohazards.usgs.gov
[mailto:ceus-earthquake-hazards-bounces@geohazards.usgs.gov] On Behalf Of Seth
Stein<br>
Sent: Wednesday, February 13, 2008 7:58 PM<br>
To: WrightLa@usa.redcross.org<br>
Cc: zmwang@email.uky.edu; ceus-earthquake-hazards@geohazards.usgs.gov;
cfostel@conwal.com<br>
Subject: Re: [CEUS-earthquake-hazards] no "right" answer<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:.5in'><o:p> </o:p></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:.5in'><o:p> </o:p></p>
<p class=MsoPlainText style='margin-left:.5in'>Both are problems, but in the US
severe weather kills about 500 people per year and earthquakes kill about 10.
Another way to look at this is that every 6 years severe weather has the same
net effect as the 1906 San Francisco earthquake.<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class=MsoPlainText style='margin-left:.5in'><o:p> </o:p></p>
<p class=MsoPlainText style='margin-left:.5in'>Seth Stein<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class=MsoPlainText style='margin-left:.5in'>William Deering Professor<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class=MsoPlainText style='margin-left:.5in'>Department of Earth and
Planetary Sciences 1850 Campus Drive Northwestern University, Evanston, IL
60208<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class=MsoPlainText style='margin-left:.5in'>(847) 491-5265 FAX: (847)
491-8060 E-MAIL: <a href="mailto:seth@earth.northwestern.edu">seth@earth.northwestern.edu</a>
<a href="http://www.earth.northwestern.edu/people/seth">http://www.earth.northwestern.edu/people/seth</a><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class=MsoPlainText style='margin-left:.5in'><o:p> </o:p></p>
<p class=MsoPlainText style='margin-left:.5in'>On Wed, 13 Feb 2008 <a
href="mailto:WrightLa@usa.redcross.org">WrightLa@usa.redcross.org</a> wrote:<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class=MsoPlainText style='margin-left:.5in'><o:p> </o:p></p>
<p class=MsoPlainText style='margin-left:.5in'>> When earthquakes don't
happen, tornadoes are a bigger problem.<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class=MsoPlainText style='margin-left:.5in'>><o:p> </o:p></p>
<p class=MsoPlainText style='margin-left:.5in'>><o:p> </o:p></p>
<p class=MsoPlainText style='margin-left:.5in'>><o:p> </o:p></p>
<p class=MsoPlainText style='margin-left:.5in'>> The recent loss of life due
to tornadoes is horribly tragic, and not <o:p></o:p></p>
<p class=MsoPlainText style='margin-left:.5in'>> to be belittled by any
means, but the loss of life that could be <o:p></o:p></p>
<p class=MsoPlainText style='margin-left:.5in'>> caused by an 1811 quake in
the NMSZ beggars the imagination.<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:.5in'><o:p> </o:p></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:.5in'><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;
font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'>Joseph Tomasello, PE</span></b><span
style='font-size:12.0pt'><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:.5in'><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;
font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'>5880 Ridge Bend Rd.</span></b><span
style='font-size:12.0pt'><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:.5in'><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;
font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'>Memphis, TN 38120</span></b><span
style='font-size:12.0pt'><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:.5in'><span style='font-size:12.0pt'> <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:.5in'><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;
font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'>Phone:</span></b><span style='font-size:12.0pt'><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:.5in'><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;
font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'>(901) 761-2016 office</span></b><span
style='font-size:12.0pt'><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:.5in'><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;
font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'>(901) 821-4968 direct</span></b><span
style='font-size:12.0pt'><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:.5in'><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;
font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'>(901) 412-8217 mobile</span></b><o:p></o:p></p>
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