[ANSS-netops] ANSS-netops Digest, Vol 59, Issue 7

John R Evans jrevans at usgs.gov
Wed Jan 7 22:20:25 UTC 2015


Hi All,

Agreed — excellent discussion.

We (Dave Croker and I) will know more soon, but I certainly agree that more panel and battery and better controllers are a preferable solution in nearly all locations.

There are a few sites where cost (versus a load of 28 batteries via helicopter) or always-dark conditions (bottom of redwood-lined V-canyon in the PNW) might still argue for a few fuel cell in spite of the initial cost.  Fuel is just methanol.

Suspect thermoelectric has too much fire potential for many locations (used them in Idaho in the way-back-when and they scared the heck out of me so near dry pines).

Anyone have specific experience with reliability of the SFC cells?  Bob?

They are mil-spec for the German military (likely though, but even costlier), so might be better for those rare candidate sites if we know nothing else; might be worth one test anyway.  Their contact info changed, by the way:

SFC Energy AG
Christian Böhm
VP Defense and Security Business
Eugen-Saenger-Ring 7
85649 Brunnthal/München
Germany
+49 (89) 673.592.364
+49 (160) 90.52.74.72			<Cell
+49 (89) 673.592.169			<FAX
Christian.Boehm at sfc.com
www.sfc.com
www.efoy-pro.com/page/efoy-proenergybox
 
Björn Ledergerber				(U.S. Rep.)
Bjoern.Ledergerber at sfc.com

Dave and I will let you know more when we know it, including at least rough costs and fuel-use rates and costs.  We will assume up to 0.6 W at 12 V (500 mA) if no one objects.

Cheers,
John

John R. Evans

-------------------------

831-460-7593 direct
408-209-6219 mobile
jrevans at usgs.gov

-------------------------

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On 2015-Jan-07, at 10:40 , anss-netops-request at geohazards.usgs.gov wrote:

> Send ANSS-netops mailing list submissions to
> 	anss-netops at geohazards.usgs.gov
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> When replying, please edit your Subject line so it is more specific
> than "Re: Contents of ANSS-netops digest..."
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> 
> Today's Topics:
> 
>   1. Re: solar power problems (Philip Crotwell)
>   2. Re: ANSS-netops Digest, Vol 59, Issue 6 (Greg Steiner)
> 
> 
> ----------------------------------------------------------------------
> 
> Message: 1
> Date: Wed, 7 Jan 2015 12:32:48 -0500
> From: Philip Crotwell <crotwell at seis.sc.edu>
> To: Patrick Bastien <bastienp at ldeo.columbia.edu>
> Cc: "anss-netops at geohazards.usgs.gov"
> 	<anss-netops at geohazards.usgs.gov>
> Subject: Re: [ANSS-netops] solar power problems
> Message-ID:
> 	<CAGFrVcWYkYVwpZeZeamvSc_+vL91zN0gW3qoqGZntLXf+kgrWQ at mail.gmail.com>
> Content-Type: text/plain; charset="UTF-8"
> 
> We use the same batteries. But get the PVX-1040HT if you can as they
> have a (H)andle. Very useful!  :)
> 
> Philip
> 
> On Wed, Jan 7, 2015 at 12:18 PM, Patrick Bastien
> <bastienp at ldeo.columbia.edu> wrote:
>> The Concorde Sun Extender PVX-1040T has a nominal capacity of 104AH, so
>> 312AH for the northern TA stations and 208AH for the southern TA stations.
>> 
>> Beginning late last summer, the LCSN has begun to switch from older
>> PWM-style charge controllers to MPPT charge controllers. Although it is too
>> soon to say something definite, this is seeming to have a larger effect on
>> station up-time than just adding more panels or batteries. Something I am
>> doing that might be considered non-standard is wiring each solar panel
>> individually to its own small MPPT change controller. This allows each solar
>> panel to generate the maximum amount of power regardless of the lighting
>> condition of the other solar panels. The several MPPT charge controllers
>> then feed a common battery bank. I then regulate the voltage powering the
>> sensor by using a small low-noise DCDC converter imbedded inside a cable.
>> The MPPT benefits might be magnified for the LCSN because of the location of
>> many of our solar powered stations are in forests or forest-adjacent.
>> 
>> 
>> Patrick Bastien
>> LDEO-LCSN
>> 
>> 
>> On 1/7/2015 11:06 AM, Meremonte, Mark wrote:
>> 
>> Bob,   May I ask the AH size of AGM batteries for an average TA station?
>> Thank you, Mark
>> 
>> On Wed, Jan 7, 2015 at 8:29 AM, Robert Busby <busby at iris.edu> wrote:
>>> 
>>> Hi Mitch et al.
>>> This is a good discussion of Power for seismic stations, thanks.
>>> 
>>> In the Transportable Array deployment, all 1717 stations operate(d) off
>>> solar power for at east two years.  The average current draw for a station
>>> is 0.5Amps on a 12V system, but can vary from 0.4 to 0.6A depending on the
>>> telemetry system. High current telemetry systems such as VSAT are powered
>>> separately.  We avoided AC power because of the proximity of noise due to
>>> pumps, motors, etc.
>>> 
>>> In general we use (2) 90W PV panels and (2) AGM Lead Acid batteries for
>>> stations south of the Kentucky/Tennessee line (row U in TA station codes)
>>> and (3) 90W PV panels and (3) AGM Lead Acid batteris north of there. Shady
>>> or snowy sites occasionally got more panels and batteries.  For permanent
>>> stations I'd go with the (3) PV and 3 or 4 batteries.  We prefer good
>>> quality batteries designed for solar applications, such as the Concorde Sun
>>> Extender PVX-1040T.  We use PWM regulators with Low voltage disconnect at
>>> 10.8V.   A few more sophisticated options are discussed below.
>>> 
>>> I would concur with the notion that the most effective way to improve a
>>> marginal station power situation is to add 1 or 2 batteries, and often this
>>> can be done without much infrastructure alteration. And the next  option is
>>> to add a panel.  There is little concern about over driving the charge
>>> controller with too much current from too many panels.  In Alaska, the "more
>>> batteries" approach is taken to extremes in which stations have 24 batteries
>>> to float through the winter. I would also concur that, to date, neither wind
>>> nor fuel cells have proved reliable enough to warrant their use, especially
>>> in permanent stations of the Lower48.
>>> 
>>> More complexity described below:
>>> Our system has, in addition to the main battery bank, a small reserve
>>> battery.  When the system switches to the reserve, certain loads such as the
>>> telemetry radio and local data storage are duty cycled at four hour
>>> intervals.  This reduces the power of the station to about 3W, yet still
>>> provides complete telemetry (though with episodic latency) and complete
>>> local storage.  For us, this reserve power serves to identify the source of
>>> the outage is clearly power as opposed to a host of other possibilities.  In
>>> the original design this reserve battery was Alkaline Lattern 30AH batteries
>>> [(3) x 6Volts] (a primary battery, disposed of after use).  More recently,
>>> We have also used 100-300AH rechargeable batteries that are then connected
>>> to the main batteries using a battery isolator circuit-which connects the
>>> reserve batteries to the charger only when the main battery has recharged to
>>> 13.2V.  We add a 10A current limit to the battery interconnection.  The
>>> reserve power load shedding  can be thought of as doubling the capacity of
>>> the reserve batteries, reducing the cost of overall power system for this
>>> reserve capability.  Without that sophisitication of load shedding, adding
>>> more batteries is effective but there is a cost in terms of station uptime.
>>> When a very large, undifferentiated battery bank is depleted, it will take a
>>> longer time for the batteries to reach the reconnect voltage.  In this time,
>>> the station itself could be operating on the minimal power produced. We keep
>>> the main battery bank fairly modest so it recovers voltage quickly, and
>>> defer recharging the reserve pack until there is ample power-sometimes
>>> weeks, or in Alaska, months later.  Its meant to get you through an
>>> ocasional bad spell.  One issue in this reserve battery switching is the dc
>>> currents can introduce magnetic pulses seen on the seismometer-particularly
>>> Trilliums within a few meters of the switches.
>>> 
>>> If you are plannning a Net-ops meeting in the future, I'd be happly to
>>> elaborate on the power system for Alaska, which uses a Genasun MPPT charge
>>> controller and LiFePO4 (Lithium Ion) batteries and the same duty cycle
>>> loads, reserve battery concepts.  These significantly reduce the weight of a
>>> 1440AH system to 420 lbs and do not require derating the capacity for cold
>>> temperatures.  They are very expensive, but not as much as a helicopter
>>> trip.
>>> 
>>> Bob Busby
>>> TA Manager
>>> 
>>> On 1/6/2015 7:36 AM, Kyle Persefield wrote:
>>>> 
>>>> Mitch,
>>>> 
>>>> My 2 cents worth
>>>> 
>>>> Because of cost, we have found throwing on more solar panels to be the
>>>> cheapest and least maintenance intensive solution.  Fuel cells and
>>>> thermoelectric generators are expensive and then there is the recurring
>>>> cost for fuel, getting fuel to the site, then monitoring of the fuel
>>>> supply level to consider, and the added required maintenance.  We have
>>>> not
>>>> found a solution to use these devices as demand requires their use.  Or
>>>> turning them on and off as needed.  So long as there is fuel they are on.
>>>> 
>>>> We have been very disappointed with wind turbines.  The smaller ones,
>>>> which are designed for the consumer market, the bearings always fail.
>>>> Expect no more than 2 or3 years out of these "cheap" units.  Then of
>>>> course there is the need for wind.  No wind for extended periods is just
>>>> as bad as your overcast scenario.
>>>> 
>>>> Kyle
>>>> 
>>>> -----Original Message-----
>>>> From: ANSS-netops [mailto:anss-netops-bounces at geohazards.usgs.gov] On
>>>> Behalf Of Mitchell M Withers (mwithers)
>>>> Sent: Monday, January 05, 2015 7:12 AM
>>>> To: Philip Crotwell
>>>> Cc: anss-netops at geohazards.usgs.gov
>>>> Subject: Re: [ANSS-netops] solar power problems
>>>> 
>>>> 
>>>> Here is a snippet from a recent report from a visit to an example station
>>>> with a reftek, three S-13's, and an episensor.  Stations vary of course
>>>> and we do use low voltage cutouts at every station (fancy ones that cut
>>>> out the transmitter first, then the DAS and everything else if the
>>>> voltage
>>>> continues to get lower).
>>>> 
>>>> "The new battery banks, when installed were at 12.95 and 12.98. The total
>>>> station draw is exactly 600ma (checked continuously for about three
>>>> minutes). I did a quick calculation of 4 batteries at 96AH each, 384/.6 =
>>>> 640/24 =26.6 days. This calculation would assume no solar charge, but
>>>> does
>>>> not take into account reduced battery capacity due to cold temperatures."
>>>> 
>>>> The panels at that particular station were supplying about 700ma together
>>>> on an overcast day and are being replaced with bigger panels this week.
>>>> Of course one solution is more battery and more solar at every station
>>>> along with more frequent refreshing of batteries.  But that gets
>>>> expensive
>>>> and time consuming so I was fishing to see if anyone is doing something
>>>> creative. (e.g. wind or hamster wheels).
>>>> 
>>>> Mitch
>>>> 
>>>> Center for Earthquake Research and Information (CERI)
>>>> University of Memphis                Ph: 901-678-4940
>>>> Memphis, TN 38152                   Fax: 901-678-4734
>>>> 
>>>> 
>>>> ________________________________________
>>>> From: Philip Crotwell <crotwell at seis.sc.edu>
>>>> Sent: Monday, January 5, 2015 7:50 AM
>>>> To: Mitchell M Withers (mwithers)
>>>> Cc: anss-netops at geohazards.usgs.gov
>>>> Subject: Re: [ANSS-netops] solar power problems
>>>> 
>>>> Hi
>>>> 
>>>> How did you come up with your 25 day figure? Can you put some numbers on
>>>> power input and output?
>>>> 
>>>> We use two 105 amp-hour batteries per station, where the load is about
>>>> 1/2 an amp. That gives me about 17.5 days theoretically, but my
>>>> understanding is that you never want to discharge batteries anywhere near
>>>> their rating as they can be damaged by high discharges. So maybe worry
>>>> less about age and more about installed capacity, ie double the battery
>>>> and replace them half as often.
>>>> 
>>>> We also, because of the cell modems, can monitor the battery voltage over
>>>> time, we have a cron job to ping the cell modem once an hour and ask it
>>>> what the input voltage is. For example here is the last few days at one
>>>> station. You can definitely tell the difference between sunny days and
>>>> rain, and we get a heads up if the power is getting low and can do
>>>> something before the station goes down.
>>>> http://eeyore.seis.sc.edu/earthworm/status/HAW_last720.png
>>>> 
>>>> Here is another station that we are becoming worried about, looks like I
>>>> might get to go on a road trip soon!
>>>> http://eeyore.seis.sc.edu/earthworm/status/CASEE_last720.png
>>>> 
>>>> Philip
>>>> 
>>>> On Sun, Jan 4, 2015 at 9:07 AM, Mitchell M Withers (mwithers)
>>>> <mwithers at memphis.edu> wrote:
>>>>> 
>>>>> Many of our stations run on battery and solar and that normally works
>>>> 
>>>> well.  We have a routine battery replacement cycle to make sure they
>>>> don't
>>>> get old.  Theoretically, we should be able to run with zero solar for
>>>> about 25 days.  But this has been an unusually dreary winter in the
>>>> southeast and we haven't had much sun for the past two months or more.
>>>> I'm wondering what others do in areas with limited sunlight to power
>>>> stations that don't have AC available?
>>>>> 
>>>>> Mitch
>>>>> 
>>>>> Center for Earthquake Research and Information (CERI)
>>>>> University of Memphis                Ph: 901-678-4940
>>>>> Memphis, TN 38152                   Fax: 901-678-4734
>>>>> 
>>>>> _______________________________________________
>>>>> ANSS-netops mailing list
>>>>> ANSS-netops at geohazards.usgs.gov
>>>>> https://geohazards.usgs.gov/mailman/listinfo/anss-netops
>>>> 
>>>> _______________________________________________
>>>> ANSS-netops mailing list
>>>> ANSS-netops at geohazards.usgs.gov
>>>> https://geohazards.usgs.gov/mailman/listinfo/anss-netops
>>>> _______________________________________________
>>>> ANSS-netops mailing list
>>>> ANSS-netops at geohazards.usgs.gov
>>>> https://geohazards.usgs.gov/mailman/listinfo/anss-netops
>>>> 
>>> 
>>> --
>>> 
>>> ============================================================
>>> 
>>> Robert W. Busby
>>> Transportable Array Manager           508-801-7628
>>> USArray / EarthScope                  37 Haynes Avenue
>>> www.earthscope.org/usarray            Falmouth MA USA 02540-2312
>>> 
>>> _______________________________________________
>>> ANSS-netops mailing list
>>> ANSS-netops at geohazards.usgs.gov
>>> https://geohazards.usgs.gov/mailman/listinfo/anss-netops
>> 
>> 
>> 
>> 
>> --
>> *********************************************************
>> Mark Meremonte         Geophysicist
>> U.S. Bureau of Reclamation:  Seismotectonics & Geophysics Group
>> Denver Federal Center            Work: 303-445-3298  Cell: 303-808-3894
>> POBox 25007, 85-833000      Email: mmeremonte at usbr.gov
>> Denver, CO  80225                  Web: http://www.usbr.gov
>> Ship:  U.S. Bureau of Reclamation, DFC, Bldg. 67-10th Floor, Denver, CO
>> 80225
>> **********************************************************
>> 
>> 
>> _______________________________________________
>> ANSS-netops mailing list
>> ANSS-netops at geohazards.usgs.gov
>> https://geohazards.usgs.gov/mailman/listinfo/anss-netops
>> 
>> 
>> 
>> _______________________________________________
>> ANSS-netops mailing list
>> ANSS-netops at geohazards.usgs.gov
>> https://geohazards.usgs.gov/mailman/listinfo/anss-netops
>> 
> 
> 
> ------------------------------
> 
> Message: 2
> Date: Wed, 7 Jan 2015 12:40:18 -0600
> From: Greg Steiner <vlf at cablerocket.com>
> To: <anss-netops at geohazards.usgs.gov>
> Subject: Re: [ANSS-netops] ANSS-netops Digest, Vol 59, Issue 6
> Message-ID: <54AD7D92.6020804 at cablerocket.com>
> Content-Type: text/plain; charset="windows-1252"; format=flowed
> 
> Patrick, I'm curious as to how you get multiple MPPT controllers to 
> charge a single battery bank. Are they inherently designed for this form 
> of parallel operation?
> Greg Steiner
> 
> On 1/7/2015 11:16 AM, anss-netops-request at geohazards.usgs.gov wrote:
>> Send ANSS-netops mailing list submissions to
>> 	anss-netops at geohazards.usgs.gov
>> 
>> To subscribe or unsubscribe via the World Wide Web, visit
>> 	https://geohazards.usgs.gov/mailman/listinfo/anss-netops
>> or, via email, send a message with subject or body 'help' to
>> 	anss-netops-request at geohazards.usgs.gov
>> 
>> You can reach the person managing the list at
>> 	anss-netops-owner at geohazards.usgs.gov
>> 
>> When replying, please edit your Subject line so it is more specific
>> than "Re: Contents of ANSS-netops digest..."
>> 
>> 
>> Today's Topics:
>> 
>>    1. Re: solar power problems (Patrick Bastien)
>> 
>> 
>> ----------------------------------------------------------------------
>> 
>> Message: 1
>> Date: Wed, 7 Jan 2015 12:18:20 -0500
>> From: Patrick Bastien <bastienp at ldeo.columbia.edu>
>> To: <anss-netops at geohazards.usgs.gov>
>> Subject: Re: [ANSS-netops] solar power problems
>> Message-ID: <54AD6A5C.6080608 at ldeo.columbia.edu>
>> Content-Type: text/plain; charset="iso-8859-1"; Format="flowed"
>> 
>> The Concorde Sun Extender PVX-1040T has a nominal capacity of 104AH, so
>> 312AH for the northern TA stations and 208AH for the southern TA stations.
>> 
>> Beginning late last summer, the LCSN has begun to switch from older
>> PWM-style charge controllers to MPPT charge controllers. Although it is
>> too soon to say something definite, this is seeming to have a larger
>> effect on station up-time than just adding more panels or batteries.
>> Something I am doing that might be considered non-standard is wiring
>> each solar panel individually to its own small MPPT change controller.
>> This allows each solar panel to generate the maximum amount of power
>> regardless of the lighting condition of the other solar panels. The
>> several MPPT charge controllers then feed a common battery bank. I then
>> regulate the voltage powering the sensor by using a small low-noise DCDC
>> converter imbedded inside a cable. The MPPT benefits might be magnified
>> for the LCSN because of the location of many of our solar powered
>> stations are in forests or forest-adjacent.
>> 
>> 
>> Patrick Bastien
>> LDEO-LCSN
>> 
>> On 1/7/2015 11:06 AM, Meremonte, Mark wrote:
>>> Bob,   May I ask the AH size of AGM batteries for an average TA
>>> station?  Thank you, Mark
>>> 
>>> On Wed, Jan 7, 2015 at 8:29 AM, Robert Busby <busby at iris.edu
>>> <mailto:busby at iris.edu>> wrote:
>>> 
>>>     Hi Mitch et al.
>>>     This is a good discussion of Power for seismic stations, thanks.
>>> 
>>>     In the Transportable Array deployment, all 1717 stations
>>>     operate(d) off solar power for at east two years.  The average
>>>     current draw for a station is 0.5Amps on a 12V system, but can
>>>     vary from 0.4 to 0.6A depending on the telemetry system. High
>>>     current telemetry systems such as VSAT are powered separately.  We
>>>     avoided AC power because of the proximity of noise due to pumps,
>>>     motors, etc.
>>> 
>>>     In general we use (2) 90W PV panels and (2) AGM Lead Acid
>>>     batteries for stations south of the Kentucky/Tennessee line (row U
>>>     in TA station codes) and (3) 90W PV panels and (3) AGM Lead Acid
>>>     batteris north of there. Shady or snowy sites occasionally got
>>>     more panels and batteries.  For permanent stations I'd go with the
>>>     (3) PV and 3 or 4 batteries.  We prefer good quality batteries
>>>     designed for solar applications, such as the Concorde Sun Extender
>>>     PVX-1040T. We use PWM regulators with Low voltage disconnect at
>>>     10.8V.  A few more sophisticated options are discussed below.
>>> 
>>>     I would concur with the notion that the most effective way to
>>>     improve a marginal station power situation is to add 1 or 2
>>>     batteries, and often this can be done without much infrastructure
>>>     alteration. And the next  option is to add a panel.  There is
>>>     little concern about over driving the charge controller with too
>>>     much current from too many panels.  In Alaska, the "more
>>>     batteries" approach is taken to extremes in which stations have 24
>>>     batteries to float through the winter. I would also concur that,
>>>     to date, neither wind nor fuel cells have proved reliable enough
>>>     to warrant their use, especially in permanent stations of the Lower48.
>>> 
>>>     More complexity described below:
>>>     Our system has, in addition to the main battery bank, a small
>>>     reserve battery.  When the system switches to the reserve, certain
>>>     loads such as the telemetry radio and local data storage are duty
>>>     cycled at four hour intervals.  This reduces the power of the
>>>     station to about 3W, yet still provides complete telemetry (though
>>>     with episodic latency) and complete local storage.  For us, this
>>>     reserve power serves to identify the source of the outage is
>>>     clearly power as opposed to a host of other possibilities.  In the
>>>     original design this reserve battery was Alkaline Lattern 30AH
>>>     batteries [(3) x 6Volts] (a primary battery, disposed of after
>>>     use).  More recently, We have also used 100-300AH rechargeable
>>>     batteries that are then connected to the main batteries using a
>>>     battery isolator circuit-which connects the reserve batteries to
>>>     the charger only when the main battery has recharged to 13.2V.  We
>>>     add a 10A current limit to the battery interconnection.  The
>>>     reserve power load shedding  can be thought of as doubling the
>>>     capacity of the reserve batteries, reducing the cost of overall
>>>     power system for this reserve capability.  Without that
>>>     sophisitication of load shedding, adding more batteries is
>>>     effective but there is a cost in terms of station uptime. When a
>>>     very large, undifferentiated battery bank is depleted, it will
>>>     take a longer time for the batteries to reach the reconnect
>>>     voltage.  In this time, the station itself could be operating on
>>>     the minimal power produced. We keep the main battery bank fairly
>>>     modest so it recovers voltage quickly, and defer recharging the
>>>     reserve pack until there is ample power-sometimes weeks, or in
>>>     Alaska, months later.  Its meant to get you through an ocasional
>>>     bad spell.  One issue in this reserve battery switching is the dc
>>>     currents can introduce magnetic pulses seen on the
>>>     seismometer-particularly Trilliums within a few meters of the
>>>     switches.
>>> 
>>>     If you are plannning a Net-ops meeting in the future, I'd be
>>>     happly to elaborate on the power system for Alaska, which uses a
>>>     Genasun MPPT charge controller and LiFePO4 (Lithium Ion) batteries
>>>     and the same duty cycle loads, reserve battery concepts.  These
>>>     significantly reduce the weight of a 1440AH system to 420 lbs and
>>>     do not require derating the capacity for cold temperatures.  They
>>>     are very expensive, but not as much as a helicopter trip.
>>> 
>>>     Bob Busby
>>>     TA Manager
>>> 
>>>     On 1/6/2015 7:36 AM, Kyle Persefield wrote:
>>> 
>>>         Mitch,
>>> 
>>>         My 2 cents worth
>>> 
>>>         Because of cost, we have found throwing on more solar panels
>>>         to be the
>>>         cheapest and least maintenance intensive solution.  Fuel cells and
>>>         thermoelectric generators are expensive and then there is the
>>>         recurring
>>>         cost for fuel, getting fuel to the site, then monitoring of
>>>         the fuel
>>>         supply level to consider, and the added required maintenance.
>>>         We have not
>>>         found a solution to use these devices as demand requires their
>>>         use.  Or
>>>         turning them on and off as needed.  So long as there is fuel
>>>         they are on.
>>> 
>>>         We have been very disappointed with wind turbines.  The
>>>         smaller ones,
>>>         which are designed for the consumer market, the bearings
>>>         always fail.
>>>         Expect no more than 2 or3 years out of these "cheap" units.
>>>         Then of
>>>         course there is the need for wind.  No wind for extended
>>>         periods is just
>>>         as bad as your overcast scenario.
>>> 
>>>         Kyle
>>> 
>>>         -----Original Message-----
>>>         From: ANSS-netops
>>>         [mailto:anss-netops-bounces at geohazards.usgs.gov
>>>         <mailto:anss-netops-bounces at geohazards.usgs.gov>] On
>>>         Behalf Of Mitchell M Withers (mwithers)
>>>         Sent: Monday, January 05, 2015 7:12 AM
>>>         To: Philip Crotwell
>>>         Cc: anss-netops at geohazards.usgs.gov
>>>         <mailto:anss-netops at geohazards.usgs.gov>
>>>         Subject: Re: [ANSS-netops] solar power problems
>>> 
>>> 
>>>         Here is a snippet from a recent report from a visit to an
>>>         example station
>>>         with a reftek, three S-13's, and an episensor.  Stations vary
>>>         of course
>>>         and we do use low voltage cutouts at every station (fancy ones
>>>         that cut
>>>         out the transmitter first, then the DAS and everything else if
>>>         the voltage
>>>         continues to get lower).
>>> 
>>>         "The new battery banks, when installed were at 12.95 and
>>>         12.98. The total
>>>         station draw is exactly 600ma (checked continuously for about
>>>         three
>>>         minutes). I did a quick calculation of 4 batteries at 96AH
>>>         each, 384/.6 =
>>>         640/24 =26.6 days. This calculation would assume no solar
>>>         charge, but does
>>>         not take into account reduced battery capacity due to cold
>>>         temperatures."
>>> 
>>>         The panels at that particular station were supplying about
>>>         700ma together
>>>         on an overcast day and are being replaced with bigger panels
>>>         this week.
>>>         Of course one solution is more battery and more solar at every
>>>         station
>>>         along with more frequent refreshing of batteries.  But that
>>>         gets expensive
>>>         and time consuming so I was fishing to see if anyone is doing
>>>         something
>>>         creative. (e.g. wind or hamster wheels).
>>> 
>>>         Mitch
>>> 
>>>         Center for Earthquake Research and Information (CERI)
>>>         University of Memphis                Ph: 901-678-4940
>>>         Memphis, TN 38152                   Fax: 901-678-4734
>>> 
>>> 
>>>         ________________________________________
>>>         From: Philip Crotwell <crotwell at seis.sc.edu
>>>         <mailto:crotwell at seis.sc.edu>>
>>>         Sent: Monday, January 5, 2015 7:50 AM
>>>         To: Mitchell M Withers (mwithers)
>>>         Cc: anss-netops at geohazards.usgs.gov
>>>         <mailto:anss-netops at geohazards.usgs.gov>
>>>         Subject: Re: [ANSS-netops] solar power problems
>>> 
>>>         Hi
>>> 
>>>         How did you come up with your 25 day figure? Can you put some
>>>         numbers on
>>>         power input and output?
>>> 
>>>         We use two 105 amp-hour batteries per station, where the load
>>>         is about
>>>         1/2 an amp. That gives me about 17.5 days theoretically, but my
>>>         understanding is that you never want to discharge batteries
>>>         anywhere near
>>>         their rating as they can be damaged by high discharges. So
>>>         maybe worry
>>>         less about age and more about installed capacity, ie double
>>>         the battery
>>>         and replace them half as often.
>>> 
>>>         We also, because of the cell modems, can monitor the battery
>>>         voltage over
>>>         time, we have a cron job to ping the cell modem once an hour
>>>         and ask it
>>>         what the input voltage is. For example here is the last few
>>>         days at one
>>>         station. You can definitely tell the difference between sunny
>>>         days and
>>>         rain, and we get a heads up if the power is getting low and can do
>>>         something before the station goes down.
>>>         http://eeyore.seis.sc.edu/earthworm/status/HAW_last720.png
>>> 
>>>         Here is another station that we are becoming worried about,
>>>         looks like I
>>>         might get to go on a road trip soon!
>>>         http://eeyore.seis.sc.edu/earthworm/status/CASEE_last720.png
>>> 
>>>         Philip
>>> 
>>>         On Sun, Jan 4, 2015 at 9:07 AM, Mitchell M Withers (mwithers)
>>>         <mwithers at memphis.edu <mailto:mwithers at memphis.edu>> wrote:
>>> 
>>>             Many of our stations run on battery and solar and that
>>>             normally works
>>> 
>>>         well.  We have a routine battery replacement cycle to make
>>>         sure they don't
>>>         get old.  Theoretically, we should be able to run with zero
>>>         solar for
>>>         about 25 days.  But this has been an unusually dreary winter
>>>         in the
>>>         southeast and we haven't had much sun for the past two months
>>>         or more.
>>>         I'm wondering what others do in areas with limited sunlight to
>>>         power
>>>         stations that don't have AC available?
>>> 
>>>             Mitch
>>> 
>>>             Center for Earthquake Research and Information (CERI)
>>>             University of Memphis                Ph: 901-678-4940
>>>             Memphis, TN 38152                   Fax: 901-678-4734
>>> 
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>>> 
>>>     --
>>> 
>>>     ============================================================
>>> 
>>>     Robert W. Busby
>>>     Transportable Array Manager           508-801-7628
>>>     USArray / EarthScope                  37 Haynes Avenue
>>>     www.earthscope.org/usarray <http://www.earthscope.org/usarray>
>>>           Falmouth MA USA 02540-2312
>>> 
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>>> 
>>> 
>>> 
>>> 
>>> --
>>> *********************************************************
>>> Mark Meremonte         Geophysicist
>>> U.S. Bureau of Reclamation:  Seismotectonics & Geophysics Group
>>> Denver Federal Center            Work: 303-445-3298  Cell: 303-808-3894
>>> POBox 25007, 85-833000Email: mmeremonte at usbr.gov
>>> <mailto:mmeremonte at usbr.gov>
>>> Denver, CO  80225     Web: http://www.usbr.gov
>>> Ship: U.S. Bureau of Reclamation, DFC, Bldg. 67-10th Floor, Denver, CO
>>> 80225
>>> **********************************************************
>>> 
>>> 
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